Block #342,987

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/4/2014, 10:20:30 AM · Difficulty 10.1650 · 6,464,346 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cf6baf3e5de80079f3d792dc1c4c02e878d1dfc9f00203e6b7c4526e896c11f8

Height

#342,987

Difficulty

10.164969

Transactions

8

Size

2.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2a3b67

Nonce

70,900

Timestamp

1/4/2014, 10:20:30 AM

Confirmations

6,464,346

Merkle Root

1340adc94e404c6800072fec5d4ecff7dab2d4a1ccbbabbcc8215e1873afacd6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.397 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13973516579834290157…29006262697903160479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13973516579834290157…29006262697903160479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13973516579834290157…29006262697903160481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27947033159668580315…58012525395806320959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.794 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27947033159668580315…58012525395806320961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.589 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55894066319337160630…16025050791612641919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.589 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55894066319337160630…16025050791612641921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.117 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11178813263867432126…32050101583225283839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.117 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11178813263867432126…32050101583225283841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.235 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22357626527734864252…64100203166450567679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.235 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22357626527734864252…64100203166450567681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,702,682 XPM·at block #6,807,332 · updates every 60s
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