Block #342,316

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/4/2014, 12:00:53 AM · Difficulty 10.1563 · 6,468,231 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
166702b92a447678a9f1db682d1e8123001d4edfb29de202674f1772dd168817

Height

#342,316

Difficulty

10.156292

Transactions

9

Size

1.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2802c5

Nonce

145,564

Timestamp

1/4/2014, 12:00:53 AM

Confirmations

6,468,231

Merkle Root

2e2cc510d167306c2ae5db7020a62d7ee479a3bed1a866be0f20589f40ea5982
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.365 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13653681260264418202…71499141262658867199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.365 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13653681260264418202…71499141262658867199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.365 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13653681260264418202…71499141262658867201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.730 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27307362520528836404…42998282525317734399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.730 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27307362520528836404…42998282525317734401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.461 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
54614725041057672809…85996565050635468799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.461 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
54614725041057672809…85996565050635468801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.092 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10922945008211534561…71993130101270937599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.092 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10922945008211534561…71993130101270937601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.184 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21845890016423069123…43986260202541875199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.184 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21845890016423069123…43986260202541875201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,464 XPM·at block #6,810,546 · updates every 60s
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