Block #342,066

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 8:25:26 PM · Difficulty 10.1507 · 6,474,707 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
199bfdf40f81a4ff1aaca6070b3ee3d1312e2733c0585afd932d7f58935a64f7

Height

#342,066

Difficulty

10.150663

Transactions

9

Size

4.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2691d7

Nonce

38,500

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 8:25:26 PM

Confirmations

6,474,707

Merkle Root

b22e3200bd2ff541f0b48e6eb0c4aef39161305f5e26c079251205069bcb7592
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.597 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85977044035297602062…11736028150760447999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.597 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85977044035297602062…11736028150760447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.597 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85977044035297602062…11736028150760448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.719 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17195408807059520412…23472056301520895999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.719 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17195408807059520412…23472056301520896001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.439 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34390817614119040825…46944112603041791999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.439 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34390817614119040825…46944112603041792001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.878 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68781635228238081650…93888225206083583999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.878 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
68781635228238081650…93888225206083584001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.375 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13756327045647616330…87776450412167167999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.375 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13756327045647616330…87776450412167168001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,778,218 XPM·at block #6,816,772 · updates every 60s
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