Block #341,971

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 6:55:18 PM · Difficulty 10.1495 · 6,467,345 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
65ef1d9104a449a692b7d7525cca6a08ccf76eb429b63d58a9b4750c9ef67a3e

Height

#341,971

Difficulty

10.149463

Transactions

8

Size

3.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a26432d

Nonce

45,498

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 6:55:18 PM

Confirmations

6,467,345

Merkle Root

9a680a2c693adfb9e3435092931684920a6c268d98f13e5370a3da89d4187c8e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14534531458235734461…82635364852697044899
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14534531458235734461…82635364852697044899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.453 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14534531458235734461…82635364852697044901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.906 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29069062916471468922…65270729705394089799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.906 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
29069062916471468922…65270729705394089801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.813 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
58138125832942937844…30541459410788179599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.813 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
58138125832942937844…30541459410788179601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.162 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11627625166588587568…61082918821576359199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.162 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11627625166588587568…61082918821576359201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.325 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23255250333177175137…22165837643152718399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.325 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23255250333177175137…22165837643152718401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,718,594 XPM·at block #6,809,315 · updates every 60s
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