Block #341,839

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 5:11:00 PM · Difficulty 10.1448 · 6,464,020 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
87ea3592f16cbfa4ec219344f62dfb4dd9f9962d1e3d05a4bc0f21197ca58267

Height

#341,839

Difficulty

10.144819

Transactions

6

Size

2.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2512da

Nonce

27,946

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 5:11:00 PM

Confirmations

6,464,020

Merkle Root

29625367b1e676cbcfdd77c78e210aa53cbb0603a00badc2b8c7355a13487eca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.251 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
52516669410986702103…25263442173984414399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.251 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
52516669410986702103…25263442173984414399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.251 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
52516669410986702103…25263442173984414401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.050 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10503333882197340420…50526884347968828799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.050 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10503333882197340420…50526884347968828801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.100 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21006667764394680841…01053768695937657599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.100 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
21006667764394680841…01053768695937657601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.201 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42013335528789361683…02107537391875315199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.201 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
42013335528789361683…02107537391875315201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.402 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
84026671057578723366…04215074783750630399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.402 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
84026671057578723366…04215074783750630401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,690,954 XPM·at block #6,805,858 · updates every 60s
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