Block #341,792

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 4:21:47 PM · Difficulty 10.1449 · 6,471,012 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fb307219a015e76fa2899ef6314d72eb6f4937505e2af2c0735f3cc2e2ba2bcc

Height

#341,792

Difficulty

10.144929

Transactions

6

Size

6.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a251a0a

Nonce

100,400

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 4:21:47 PM

Confirmations

6,471,012

Merkle Root

ad89a430cae7b277bba6af3e224a1b08417cd46d417696201378cb0b5df992c1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.165 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51654381778269315441…43048931606850812519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.165 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51654381778269315441…43048931606850812519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.165 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51654381778269315441…43048931606850812521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.033 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10330876355653863088…86097863213701625039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.033 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10330876355653863088…86097863213701625041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.066 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20661752711307726176…72195726427403250079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.066 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20661752711307726176…72195726427403250081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.132 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41323505422615452353…44391452854806500159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.132 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41323505422615452353…44391452854806500161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.264 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82647010845230904706…88782905709613000319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.264 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82647010845230904706…88782905709613000321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,746,476 XPM·at block #6,812,803 · updates every 60s
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