Block #341,593

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 1:23:35 PM · Difficulty 10.1412 · 6,473,459 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6b32044f1f06e5c1733d8b098e58676580590a5d00fca411e1d007b54d376b07

Height

#341,593

Difficulty

10.141209

Transactions

10

Size

2.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a242649

Nonce

97,266

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 1:23:35 PM

Confirmations

6,473,459

Merkle Root

a3fe426d616edc93088097a03bde3f42bcbcb5161876aabe8c55127ae4f419fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.742 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27423019265033308707…41995502790828764159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.742 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27423019265033308707…41995502790828764159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.742 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27423019265033308707…41995502790828764161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.484 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
54846038530066617414…83991005581657528319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.484 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
54846038530066617414…83991005581657528321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.096 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10969207706013323482…67982011163315056639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.096 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10969207706013323482…67982011163315056641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.193 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21938415412026646965…35964022326630113279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.193 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21938415412026646965…35964022326630113281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.387 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43876830824053293931…71928044653260226559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.387 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43876830824053293931…71928044653260226561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,764,507 XPM·at block #6,815,051 · updates every 60s
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