Block #341,505

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 12:16:02 PM · Difficulty 10.1389 · 6,495,009 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9592c3ded337293c0aba91ec54a7400f7da6baed8f167728ad8c91c8c5e7b1ee

Height

#341,505

Difficulty

10.138934

Transactions

30

Size

15.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a23912b

Nonce

3,350

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 12:16:02 PM

Confirmations

6,495,009

Merkle Root

8d6951f7555ffc575e1e679db060b8df14d0b3ace587cb64042a988327f1e34e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.329 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33291386884823232524…39662425001514044599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.329 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33291386884823232524…39662425001514044599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.329 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33291386884823232524…39662425001514044601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.658 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66582773769646465048…79324850003028089199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.658 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66582773769646465048…79324850003028089201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.331 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13316554753929293009…58649700006056178399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.331 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13316554753929293009…58649700006056178401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.663 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26633109507858586019…17299400012112356799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.663 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26633109507858586019…17299400012112356801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.326 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53266219015717172038…34598800024224713599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.326 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53266219015717172038…34598800024224713601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,936,388 XPM·at block #6,836,513 · updates every 60s
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