Block #341,434

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 11:08:13 AM · Difficulty 10.1372 · 6,454,743 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b7066663163500edb948ff6ac0454ada044c132decab30b948b184eeddc46c27

Height

#341,434

Difficulty

10.137234

Transactions

6

Size

2.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2321c9

Nonce

48,562

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 11:08:13 AM

Confirmations

6,454,743

Merkle Root

f46ba144b5b71d1b06baae21490d820788dc4d30c903f2271bcfe8d08de7ce68
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.487 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34876712214678935331…01885471409699862079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.487 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34876712214678935331…01885471409699862079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.487 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34876712214678935331…01885471409699862081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.975 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69753424429357870662…03770942819399724159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.975 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69753424429357870662…03770942819399724161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.395 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13950684885871574132…07541885638799448319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.395 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13950684885871574132…07541885638799448321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.790 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27901369771743148265…15083771277598896639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.790 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27901369771743148265…15083771277598896641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.580 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55802739543486296530…30167542555197793279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.580 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55802739543486296530…30167542555197793281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,613,415 XPM·at block #6,796,176 · updates every 60s
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