Block #341,273

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 8:53:46 AM · Difficulty 10.1346 · 6,468,953 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ebeee210e99840f9c6f46deb2bef9bcf83ed912cb3586317b64233f2a59334ca

Height

#341,273

Difficulty

10.134622

Transactions

8

Size

4.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a227691

Nonce

81,650

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 8:53:46 AM

Confirmations

6,468,953

Merkle Root

b9fa843edea807fe447b9a6e67a6e3a88a37549e7ee7696ba9a785c43c5c7dcb
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.464 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
54644009086424450178…47812148206545654799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.464 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
54644009086424450178…47812148206545654799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.464 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
54644009086424450178…47812148206545654801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.092 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10928801817284890035…95624296413091309599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.092 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10928801817284890035…95624296413091309601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.185 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21857603634569780071…91248592826182619199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.185 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21857603634569780071…91248592826182619201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.371 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43715207269139560143…82497185652365238399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.371 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43715207269139560143…82497185652365238401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.743 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87430414538279120286…64994371304730476799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.743 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87430414538279120286…64994371304730476801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,725,884 XPM·at block #6,810,225 · updates every 60s
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