Block #341,162

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 7:09:18 AM · Difficulty 10.1319 · 6,459,056 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d70617e10ec344922696d34c893ecb42d2daa9d28b53c1c9218e58c6761e58c6

Height

#341,162

Difficulty

10.131939

Transactions

6

Size

35.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a21c6c4

Nonce

308,373

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 7:09:18 AM

Confirmations

6,459,056

Merkle Root

113846749c1500adf946f92c5b9aa2436c3f8463abad4d1dd1fd70df67c96dfc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.585 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55855798715077903435…85771412283571466349
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.585 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55855798715077903435…85771412283571466349
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.585 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55855798715077903435…85771412283571466351
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11171159743015580687…71542824567142932699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.117 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11171159743015580687…71542824567142932701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.234 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22342319486031161374…43085649134285865399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.234 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22342319486031161374…43085649134285865401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.468 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44684638972062322748…86171298268571730799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.468 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44684638972062322748…86171298268571730801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.936 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89369277944124645496…72342596537143461599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.936 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89369277944124645496…72342596537143461601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,645,795 XPM·at block #6,800,217 · updates every 60s
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