Block #341,116

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 6:29:40 AM · Difficulty 10.1304 · 6,462,437 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4ae33e4cc344019af54c66711a9062ada927c342167bc4dbe2ab0e833aedd67e

Height

#341,116

Difficulty

10.130433

Transactions

13

Size

5.84 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a216417

Nonce

46,027

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 6:29:40 AM

Confirmations

6,462,437

Merkle Root

995ad9108d78a6d6dcf3701e79a7abd0dc724be7f0c54068edad98ea479eac05
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55513349631223118777…45225442572824121599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55513349631223118777…45225442572824121599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.551 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55513349631223118777…45225442572824121601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.110 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11102669926244623755…90450885145648243199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.110 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11102669926244623755…90450885145648243201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.220 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22205339852489247510…80901770291296486399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.220 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22205339852489247510…80901770291296486401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.441 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44410679704978495021…61803540582592972799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.441 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44410679704978495021…61803540582592972801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.882 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
88821359409956990043…23607081165185945599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.882 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
88821359409956990043…23607081165185945601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,672,455 XPM·at block #6,803,552 · updates every 60s
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