Block #341,048

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 5:17:36 AM · Difficulty 10.1312 · 6,467,684 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8c8fde84574e76ad341f6dc30b9f9eba31118ccd90c2c9bb6712c1666efee658

Height

#341,048

Difficulty

10.131189

Transactions

8

Size

3.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a219594

Nonce

229,763

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 5:17:36 AM

Confirmations

6,467,684

Merkle Root

9ef736aa73c9d92ad4de2ecc6c1483d9880fe8c0519e1a161f826a124719960d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.943 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59433221240242417085…28769873723418762909
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.943 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59433221240242417085…28769873723418762909
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.943 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59433221240242417085…28769873723418762911
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.188 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11886644248048483417…57539747446837525819
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.188 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11886644248048483417…57539747446837525821
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.377 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23773288496096966834…15079494893675051639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.377 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23773288496096966834…15079494893675051641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.754 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47546576992193933668…30158989787350103279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.754 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47546576992193933668…30158989787350103281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.509 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95093153984387867337…60317979574700206559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.509 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95093153984387867337…60317979574700206561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,713,902 XPM·at block #6,808,731 · updates every 60s
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