Block #340,880

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 2:20:07 AM · Difficulty 10.1327 · 6,474,255 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
580f4c60429f4baf14db1563c1066cb3cc36e447c8de5104fb0e60260a59ae88

Height

#340,880

Difficulty

10.132739

Transactions

8

Size

11.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a21fb2f

Nonce

22,876

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 2:20:07 AM

Confirmations

6,474,255

Merkle Root

6145c10b2d36b96914763fc45cbde403745906e6228200c74c9721ea67f6ea1b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72536228534610552109…27682139734910870399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72536228534610552109…27682139734910870399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72536228534610552109…27682139734910870401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.450 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14507245706922110421…55364279469821740799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.450 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14507245706922110421…55364279469821740801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.901 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29014491413844220843…10728558939643481599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.901 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29014491413844220843…10728558939643481601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.802 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58028982827688441687…21457117879286963199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.802 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58028982827688441687…21457117879286963201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.160 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11605796565537688337…42914235758573926399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.160 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11605796565537688337…42914235758573926401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,765,173 XPM·at block #6,815,134 · updates every 60s
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