Block #340,861

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2014, 1:57:31 AM · Difficulty 10.1342 · 6,450,692 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9f7393d76543ad9f5d42dc1c727076dd80eee3bd7d2816dffe1baa83009a5c48

Height

#340,861

Difficulty

10.134182

Transactions

45

Size

216.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2259b9

Nonce

20,222

Timestamp

1/3/2014, 1:57:31 AM

Confirmations

6,450,692

Merkle Root

40c68626ffa5e1b39e86dc394f7234b44c2e0e50aac88072277b624e1dd38e61
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.448 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14485073215772389756…40924659167844555519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.448 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14485073215772389756…40924659167844555519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.448 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14485073215772389756…40924659167844555521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.897 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28970146431544779512…81849318335689111039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.897 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28970146431544779512…81849318335689111041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.794 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
57940292863089559025…63698636671378222079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.794 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
57940292863089559025…63698636671378222081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.158 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11588058572617911805…27397273342756444159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.158 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11588058572617911805…27397273342756444161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.317 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23176117145235823610…54794546685512888319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.317 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23176117145235823610…54794546685512888321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,576,373 XPM·at block #6,791,552 · updates every 60s
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