Block #340,620

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 9:55:44 PM · Difficulty 10.1334 · 6,470,535 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
39448ca0030592326aae90e181570608cb18e866ac8da377c6b04d872a13f045

Height

#340,620

Difficulty

10.133373

Transactions

7

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2224ba

Nonce

40,677

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 9:55:44 PM

Confirmations

6,470,535

Merkle Root

8f083191a66f8d98c5c2cef66e8c04acce9d26f672bfea2b6f01187757468de0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.839 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18397748634202079133…75499955871623907599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.839 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18397748634202079133…75499955871623907599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.839 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18397748634202079133…75499955871623907601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.679 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36795497268404158266…50999911743247815199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.679 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36795497268404158266…50999911743247815201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.359 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73590994536808316532…01999823486495630399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.359 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73590994536808316532…01999823486495630401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.471 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14718198907361663306…03999646972991260799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.471 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14718198907361663306…03999646972991260801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.943 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29436397814723326612…07999293945982521599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.943 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29436397814723326612…07999293945982521601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,351 XPM·at block #6,811,154 · updates every 60s
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