Block #340,337

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 5:27:05 PM · Difficulty 10.1310 · 6,474,604 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3510828ceefb8031a48ab85696a0c961856e4d7fa3d7f999fd6707e804ff4875

Height

#340,337

Difficulty

10.130954

Transactions

9

Size

4.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a21863b

Nonce

138,534

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 5:27:05 PM

Confirmations

6,474,604

Merkle Root

8a29ec1110bc3a92e9d825d18508643bd322334c7aa3959af7ae8c96c7e1e376
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.377 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
83771902496601421719…61625510656947141059
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.377 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
83771902496601421719…61625510656947141059
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.377 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
83771902496601421719…61625510656947141061
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.675 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16754380499320284343…23251021313894282119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.675 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16754380499320284343…23251021313894282121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.350 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33508760998640568687…46502042627788564239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.350 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33508760998640568687…46502042627788564241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.701 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
67017521997281137375…93004085255577128479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.701 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
67017521997281137375…93004085255577128481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.340 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13403504399456227475…86008170511154256959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.340 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13403504399456227475…86008170511154256961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,763,624 XPM·at block #6,814,940 · updates every 60s
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