Block #340,234

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 3:44:42 PM · Difficulty 10.1308 · 6,467,109 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bcd3905c285f92ebead64a28fa1b2c34b6b97c644395c92cc461e478c03835dd

Height

#340,234

Difficulty

10.130820

Transactions

6

Size

3.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a217d6f

Nonce

28,466

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 3:44:42 PM

Confirmations

6,467,109

Merkle Root

7e1c08c85af6500e0aa61fc23184ee292468b6b3d2294a3eb23791d704aac67d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.712 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27121292858586296964…71910161336197447679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.712 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27121292858586296964…71910161336197447679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.712 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27121292858586296964…71910161336197447681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.424 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
54242585717172593928…43820322672394895359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.424 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
54242585717172593928…43820322672394895361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.084 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10848517143434518785…87640645344789790719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.084 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10848517143434518785…87640645344789790721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.169 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21697034286869037571…75281290689579581439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.169 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21697034286869037571…75281290689579581441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.339 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43394068573738075142…50562581379159162879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.339 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43394068573738075142…50562581379159162881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,702,763 XPM·at block #6,807,342 · updates every 60s
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