Block #340,166

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 2:49:57 PM · Difficulty 10.1286 · 6,461,648 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d3b604e03151ec9ac3a57d842ee5c4d18ab0b1b929e4dfa69ba55ee56733c171

Height

#340,166

Difficulty

10.128629

Transactions

8

Size

2.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20edcd

Nonce

68,682

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 2:49:57 PM

Confirmations

6,461,648

Merkle Root

8dfc2931b67716add3d157df6750c277e821e725145e022657eaca445058ffe8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.513 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15139824606752031408…08297220936731852799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.513 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15139824606752031408…08297220936731852799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.513 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15139824606752031408…08297220936731852801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.027 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30279649213504062817…16594441873463705599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.027 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30279649213504062817…16594441873463705601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.055 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
60559298427008125634…33188883746927411199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.055 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
60559298427008125634…33188883746927411201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.211 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12111859685401625126…66377767493854822399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.211 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12111859685401625126…66377767493854822401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.422 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24223719370803250253…32755534987709644799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.422 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24223719370803250253…32755534987709644801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.844 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
48447438741606500507…65511069975419289599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,658,604 XPM·at block #6,801,813 · updates every 60s
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