Block #340,112

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 2:00:09 PM · Difficulty 10.1276 · 6,470,143 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
21e711f107ca58a4631cf2feda6a0cde97c995dc5b1119b7f4efdcc9ae20334a

Height

#340,112

Difficulty

10.127600

Transactions

15

Size

4.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20aa6d

Nonce

245

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 2:00:09 PM

Confirmations

6,470,143

Merkle Root

59944d2c633e07cb88ea373b2178cc54ff237509a27977d1955978d9939ba1e8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.303 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43035917248450174450…45506990898959662079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.303 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43035917248450174450…45506990898959662079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.303 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43035917248450174450…45506990898959662081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.607 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
86071834496900348901…91013981797919324159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.607 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
86071834496900348901…91013981797919324161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.721 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17214366899380069780…82027963595838648319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.721 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17214366899380069780…82027963595838648321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.442 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34428733798760139560…64055927191677296639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.442 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34428733798760139560…64055927191677296641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.885 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68857467597520279121…28111854383354593279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.885 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68857467597520279121…28111854383354593281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,726,113 XPM·at block #6,810,254 · updates every 60s
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