Block #339,990

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 11:59:41 AM · Difficulty 10.1275 · 6,468,289 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3199214411024c9548874109d6ab8998c385be23a7848a867f09622383fe2c9a

Height

#339,990

Difficulty

10.127470

Transactions

8

Size

10.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20a1da

Nonce

4,657

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 11:59:41 AM

Confirmations

6,468,289

Merkle Root

ac8fbd12c99078079d738216ad4c7e141f106416ad29b6ff8deec064958948fa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.875 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98750792905540243255…90576415150811401149
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.875 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98750792905540243255…90576415150811401149
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.875 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98750792905540243255…90576415150811401151
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.975 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19750158581108048651…81152830301622802299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.975 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19750158581108048651…81152830301622802301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.950 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39500317162216097302…62305660603245604599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.950 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39500317162216097302…62305660603245604601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.900 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79000634324432194604…24611321206491209199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.900 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79000634324432194604…24611321206491209201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.580 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15800126864886438920…49222642412982418399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.580 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15800126864886438920…49222642412982418401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,710,282 XPM·at block #6,808,278 · updates every 60s
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