Block #339,710

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 7:13:53 AM · Difficulty 10.1285 · 6,468,431 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b357d4be033f4ee7669d61adb672759e9fe27b6f86f58ddcf484d14b556406bb

Height

#339,710

Difficulty

10.128528

Transactions

22

Size

6.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20e73e

Nonce

145,287

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 7:13:53 AM

Confirmations

6,468,431

Merkle Root

6dd6c1c11f7b237cba455c85f31870f94a761e57d55d5198b307d10a84670b41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.801 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18019179875059281498…22291940678242294399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.801 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18019179875059281498…22291940678242294399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.801 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18019179875059281498…22291940678242294401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.603 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36038359750118562997…44583881356484588799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.603 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36038359750118562997…44583881356484588801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.207 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72076719500237125995…89167762712969177599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.207 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72076719500237125995…89167762712969177601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14415343900047425199…78335525425938355199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14415343900047425199…78335525425938355201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.883 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28830687800094850398…56671050851876710399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.883 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28830687800094850398…56671050851876710401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,171 XPM·at block #6,808,140 · updates every 60s
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