Block #339,465

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 3:25:17 AM · Difficulty 10.1254 · 6,476,604 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ac17da891d9ae0ce205da8408bf2c89510f8acb9b2a0e8e929813a36c6d8d0e8

Height

#339,465

Difficulty

10.125436

Transactions

9

Size

4.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a201c8e

Nonce

26,610

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 3:25:17 AM

Confirmations

6,476,604

Merkle Root

28b68cb99dccaf3234f6bd9829a68f6302cf704538844a7d299048925baddc4a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.943 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29432367999617877435…17955856910474444799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.943 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29432367999617877435…17955856910474444799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.943 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29432367999617877435…17955856910474444801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.886 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
58864735999235754871…35911713820948889599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.886 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
58864735999235754871…35911713820948889601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.177 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
11772947199847150974…71823427641897779199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.177 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
11772947199847150974…71823427641897779201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.354 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
23545894399694301948…43646855283795558399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.354 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
23545894399694301948…43646855283795558401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.709 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
47091788799388603896…87293710567591116799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.709 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
47091788799388603896…87293710567591116801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,772,668 XPM·at block #6,816,068 · updates every 60s
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