Block #339,409

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2014, 2:16:05 AM · Difficulty 10.1282 · 6,454,777 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cb41fa2249a54082ead07f179f8c1f16c9883b97769883b1b091b18baf7b38f3

Height

#339,409

Difficulty

10.128187

Transactions

26

Size

56.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20d0de

Nonce

451,242

Timestamp

1/2/2014, 2:16:05 AM

Confirmations

6,454,777

Merkle Root

f88b3ebfda25a12dcee7fef9db79224e88665a50e748303f6ce9735d711516fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68625833127513135092…80680240300550586879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68625833127513135092…80680240300550586879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68625833127513135092…80680240300550586881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13725166625502627018…61360480601101173759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13725166625502627018…61360480601101173761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.745 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27450333251005254036…22720961202202347519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.745 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27450333251005254036…22720961202202347521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54900666502010508073…45441922404404695039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.490 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
54900666502010508073…45441922404404695041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.098 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10980133300402101614…90883844808809390079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.098 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10980133300402101614…90883844808809390081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,597,510 XPM·at block #6,794,185 · updates every 60s
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