Block #339,154

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 9:54:54 PM · Difficulty 10.1284 · 6,469,492 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6585e5104af29ee8da7345faad103c52c1289222cad12fca14740fac6af56b00

Height

#339,154

Difficulty

10.128440

Transactions

12

Size

7.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20e16b

Nonce

14,076

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 9:54:54 PM

Confirmations

6,469,492

Merkle Root

80868ca0cba8f787ca436188075395a54902f2a287019a9c8bc000494f08404b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.865 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
88656039817241962124…61373115518287570879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.865 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
88656039817241962124…61373115518287570879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.865 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
88656039817241962124…61373115518287570881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.773 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
17731207963448392424…22746231036575141759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.773 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
17731207963448392424…22746231036575141761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.546 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
35462415926896784849…45492462073150283519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.546 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
35462415926896784849…45492462073150283521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.092 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
70924831853793569699…90984924146300567039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.092 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
70924831853793569699…90984924146300567041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.418 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
14184966370758713939…81969848292601134079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.418 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
14184966370758713939…81969848292601134081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,713,220 XPM·at block #6,808,645 · updates every 60s
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