Block #339,056

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 8:20:02 PM · Difficulty 10.1281 · 6,468,677 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3b5e3fafa391e9f05460c08238fa02987cd8d5bde47fb9e6d74abf7b718d17d0

Height

#339,056

Difficulty

10.128139

Transactions

7

Size

4.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a20cdb7

Nonce

131,012

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 8:20:02 PM

Confirmations

6,468,677

Merkle Root

0758e74a478bcb4cf444563e84ce015066a921a11c89dc9e4d7c8d062a566e7d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.561 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
65615710702008649770…94749163330806130079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.561 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
65615710702008649770…94749163330806130079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.561 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
65615710702008649770…94749163330806130081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.312 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13123142140401729954…89498326661612260159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.312 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13123142140401729954…89498326661612260161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.624 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26246284280803459908…78996653323224520319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.624 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26246284280803459908…78996653323224520321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.249 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
52492568561606919816…57993306646449040639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.249 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
52492568561606919816…57993306646449040641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.049 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10498513712321383963…15986613292898081279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.049 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10498513712321383963…15986613292898081281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,705,899 XPM·at block #6,807,732 · updates every 60s
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