Block #338,704

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 2:50:22 PM · Difficulty 10.1238 · 6,462,629 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9d168d9cdf1485b1f7cc974b6b322a08a1f508be010efd48857c9ee134171c0c

Height

#338,704

Difficulty

10.123839

Transactions

11

Size

3.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1fb3f2

Nonce

28,625

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 2:50:22 PM

Confirmations

6,462,629

Merkle Root

64275c9eddd7aec30cf54f330e9e86646dd9e576955f039912624f6fa42333d8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.170 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11701811505384947159…45645338531290007359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.170 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11701811505384947159…45645338531290007359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.170 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11701811505384947159…45645338531290007361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.340 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23403623010769894318…91290677062580014719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.340 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23403623010769894318…91290677062580014721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.680 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46807246021539788636…82581354125160029439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.680 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46807246021539788636…82581354125160029441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.361 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93614492043079577273…65162708250320058879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.361 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93614492043079577273…65162708250320058881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.872 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18722898408615915454…30325416500640117759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.872 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18722898408615915454…30325416500640117761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,654,733 XPM·at block #6,801,332 · updates every 60s
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