Block #338,254

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 7:47:02 AM · Difficulty 10.1190 · 6,479,105 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ecbf846df67bb515714f5ef2ebeb10cb996f54e6ee1204e727c21450a31f6286

Height

#338,254

Difficulty

10.119033

Transactions

18

Size

10.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1e78f4

Nonce

279,145

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 7:47:02 AM

Confirmations

6,479,105

Merkle Root

58ac30673864d354f4266926dd573a27dc7c00d76453a53a553d2a4e67d900c1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.116 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21167398918530477525…00725405943155628799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.116 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21167398918530477525…00725405943155628799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.116 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21167398918530477525…00725405943155628801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.233 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42334797837060955050…01450811886311257599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.233 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42334797837060955050…01450811886311257601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.466 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
84669595674121910100…02901623772622515199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.466 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
84669595674121910100…02901623772622515201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.693 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16933919134824382020…05803247545245030399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.693 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16933919134824382020…05803247545245030401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.386 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33867838269648764040…11606495090490060799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.386 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33867838269648764040…11606495090490060801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.773 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
67735676539297528080…23212990180980121599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,782,920 XPM·at block #6,817,358 · updates every 60s
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