Block #338,180

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 6:46:08 AM · Difficulty 10.1168 · 6,472,811 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1f33f21db259e24d8fcda5002a52a50dfc8fb6c5888a536c344a881a88dc660c

Height

#338,180

Difficulty

10.116762

Transactions

8

Size

8.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1de420

Nonce

158,240

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 6:46:08 AM

Confirmations

6,472,811

Merkle Root

d1e750306c727d363aa094e1f6019ed48012b4eea7ff7b582769c7294f1d4b36
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.120 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
61200027978372265344…17961605005593352679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.120 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
61200027978372265344…17961605005593352679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.120 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
61200027978372265344…17961605005593352681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.224 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12240005595674453068…35923210011186705359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.224 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12240005595674453068…35923210011186705361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.448 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24480011191348906137…71846420022373410719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.448 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24480011191348906137…71846420022373410721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.896 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48960022382697812275…43692840044746821439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.896 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48960022382697812275…43692840044746821441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.792 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
97920044765395624550…87385680089493642879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.792 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
97920044765395624550…87385680089493642881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,032 XPM·at block #6,810,990 · updates every 60s
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