Block #337,953

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/1/2014, 2:12:55 AM · Difficulty 10.1246 · 6,457,528 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3dc7489b2a4aff46f54364ec1c2043ba48f1ad9bea2df2f1319330e8f656de33

Height

#337,953

Difficulty

10.124592

Transactions

16

Size

26.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a1fe548

Nonce

16,950

Timestamp

1/1/2014, 2:12:55 AM

Confirmations

6,457,528

Merkle Root

190326cf1af699e812354469f5e7cd8e84a7ed7de593b1f30994dad965736c74
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.142 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31422313760312559424…52042893323107327999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.142 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31422313760312559424…52042893323107327999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.142 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31422313760312559424…52042893323107328001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.284 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62844627520625118848…04085786646214655999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.284 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62844627520625118848…04085786646214656001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.256 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12568925504125023769…08171573292429311999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.256 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12568925504125023769…08171573292429312001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.513 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25137851008250047539…16343146584858623999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.513 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25137851008250047539…16343146584858624001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.027 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50275702016500095078…32686293169717247999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.027 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50275702016500095078…32686293169717248001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,909 XPM·at block #6,795,480 · updates every 60s
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