Block #337,143

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/31/2013, 11:09:16 AM · Difficulty 10.1407 · 6,466,744 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e25beccc5b483f73fd9be6e78f7a514b2ae6ac6be6e2f16a4e78a7a0b1990155

Height

#337,143

Difficulty

10.140657

Transactions

13

Size

5.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a24021c

Nonce

180,844

Timestamp

12/31/2013, 11:09:16 AM

Confirmations

6,466,744

Merkle Root

e994b74bd09bc93e0d41b98f0d133cdb4da753df84152d7befe292c06e34fa2d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.693 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26936087734253803637…52981502187423536719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.693 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26936087734253803637…52981502187423536719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.693 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26936087734253803637…52981502187423536721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.387 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53872175468507607275…05963004374847073439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.387 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53872175468507607275…05963004374847073441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.077 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10774435093701521455…11926008749694146879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.077 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10774435093701521455…11926008749694146881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.154 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21548870187403042910…23852017499388293759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.154 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21548870187403042910…23852017499388293761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.309 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43097740374806085820…47704034998776587519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.309 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43097740374806085820…47704034998776587521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,675,140 XPM·at block #6,803,886 · updates every 60s
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