Block #336,829

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/31/2013, 5:58:32 AM · Difficulty 10.1399 · 6,455,890 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1cd209681d68a65d6b14c6388ace0e59695533519e201c3fcb122ffccf26c29f

Height

#336,829

Difficulty

10.139921

Transactions

16

Size

4.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a23d1da

Nonce

36,877

Timestamp

12/31/2013, 5:58:32 AM

Confirmations

6,455,890

Merkle Root

4a0c4190d0026e55c106d8b903bee6462708df4a7225e42e3e74facd5f2dc321
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12157032731470423434…81975072048229437439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12157032731470423434…81975072048229437439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12157032731470423434…81975072048229437441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.431 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24314065462940846869…63950144096458874879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.431 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24314065462940846869…63950144096458874881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48628130925881693739…27900288192917749759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.862 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48628130925881693739…27900288192917749761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.725 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97256261851763387478…55800576385835499519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.725 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97256261851763387478…55800576385835499521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19451252370352677495…11601152771670999039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19451252370352677495…11601152771670999041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.890 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38902504740705354991…23202305543341998079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,585,731 XPM·at block #6,792,718 · updates every 60s
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