Block #336,656

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/31/2013, 2:56:16 AM · Difficulty 10.1425 · 6,473,241 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ffffa517970aee133aecf4f7021d94b2c3d85f78443c3f6bda6ee3ce48589374

Height

#336,656

Difficulty

10.142467

Transactions

15

Size

4.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2478bd

Nonce

7,893

Timestamp

12/31/2013, 2:56:16 AM

Confirmations

6,473,241

Merkle Root

25642ca9fdd761fc0d85e1ed44ff86880b733674d05e3593ac5aa0e8775c86f9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.171 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11711704437926333812…03089118715304457599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.171 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11711704437926333812…03089118715304457599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.171 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11711704437926333812…03089118715304457601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23423408875852667625…06178237430608915199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23423408875852667625…06178237430608915201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46846817751705335250…12356474861217830399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46846817751705335250…12356474861217830401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.369 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93693635503410670500…24712949722435660799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.369 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93693635503410670500…24712949722435660801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18738727100682134100…49425899444871321599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18738727100682134100…49425899444871321601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,258 XPM·at block #6,809,896 · updates every 60s
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