Block #336,623

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/31/2013, 2:22:31 AM · Difficulty 10.1416 · 6,460,014 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2917fce74b29880c7d1dd5806bf2cb1720407497dbde70421498540e211625b7

Height

#336,623

Difficulty

10.141615

Transactions

14

Size

4.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2440de

Nonce

81,594

Timestamp

12/31/2013, 2:22:31 AM

Confirmations

6,460,014

Merkle Root

72dca6f7893dd0725024a1a201fdb33811f45148899c689c249de0907f624880
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.535 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25358135979818662748…31726098091336993599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.535 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25358135979818662748…31726098091336993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.535 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25358135979818662748…31726098091336993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.071 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
50716271959637325497…63452196182673987199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.071 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
50716271959637325497…63452196182673987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.014 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10143254391927465099…26904392365347974399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.014 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10143254391927465099…26904392365347974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.028 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20286508783854930199…53808784730695948799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.028 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20286508783854930199…53808784730695948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.057 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
40573017567709860398…07617569461391897599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.057 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
40573017567709860398…07617569461391897601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,617,097 XPM·at block #6,796,636 · updates every 60s
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