Block #336,199

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 7:06:41 PM · Difficulty 10.1437 · 6,479,835 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a2adf119dbc97d3ebd4dadae6688e16353e6adb3342b05c281a0c567c55ad2a4

Height

#336,199

Difficulty

10.143717

Transactions

13

Size

3.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a24caa7

Nonce

6,280

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 7:06:41 PM

Confirmations

6,479,835

Merkle Root

e7284c4916196c7f758c2239d776c488582ecd186cafff9b8e7c090ca424dc70
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17080742023379243578…72520544350759699839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17080742023379243578…72520544350759699839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17080742023379243578…72520544350759699841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.416 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34161484046758487157…45041088701519399679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.416 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34161484046758487157…45041088701519399681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68322968093516974314…90082177403038799359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.832 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
68322968093516974314…90082177403038799361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13664593618703394862…80164354806077598719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13664593618703394862…80164354806077598721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.732 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27329187237406789725…60328709612155197439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.732 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27329187237406789725…60328709612155197441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,772,386 XPM·at block #6,816,033 · updates every 60s
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