Block #335,961

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 3:11:33 PM · Difficulty 10.1431 · 6,481,399 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b808db4433388b672ad566654685fa01343772dbfcd989946bd305b660ae6f8

Height

#335,961

Difficulty

10.143093

Transactions

8

Size

4.07 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a24a1bd

Nonce

26,003

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 3:11:33 PM

Confirmations

6,481,399

Merkle Root

1c12b6b1e2c742316125f26f9888ee524a8c889d77ffc747d5e0c39bbea9eb45
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.662 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36627138414346567797…79459038424000271359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.662 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36627138414346567797…79459038424000271359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.662 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36627138414346567797…79459038424000271361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.325 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73254276828693135594…58918076848000542719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.325 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73254276828693135594…58918076848000542721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14650855365738627118…17836153696001085439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.465 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14650855365738627118…17836153696001085441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.930 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29301710731477254237…35672307392002170879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.930 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29301710731477254237…35672307392002170881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.860 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58603421462954508475…71344614784004341759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.860 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58603421462954508475…71344614784004341761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,782,929 XPM·at block #6,817,359 · updates every 60s
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