Block #335,898

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 2:14:25 PM · Difficulty 10.1421 · 6,472,479 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e3d7748570e5b57c5df094ef1e309de2d1222a7f54b5622c6e415303389e1555

Height

#335,898

Difficulty

10.142119

Transactions

8

Size

7.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2461f1

Nonce

141,708

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 2:14:25 PM

Confirmations

6,472,479

Merkle Root

2b4ed08aad1d8eca4879245e9eb33b8472fd84ad5e29ea835871a7016f3a18dd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.243 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22439653488070877029…60740984865120606719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.243 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22439653488070877029…60740984865120606719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.243 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22439653488070877029…60740984865120606721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.487 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
44879306976141754058…21481969730241213439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.487 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
44879306976141754058…21481969730241213441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.975 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
89758613952283508116…42963939460482426879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.975 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
89758613952283508116…42963939460482426881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.795 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
17951722790456701623…85927878920964853759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.795 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
17951722790456701623…85927878920964853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.590 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
35903445580913403246…71855757841929707519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.590 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
35903445580913403246…71855757841929707521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,070 XPM·at block #6,808,376 · updates every 60s
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