Block #335,712

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 10:41:34 AM · Difficulty 10.1466 · 6,474,920 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cad0de51b6d345df831edd71498ee76223386f195c78965f685d13328e4f5524

Height

#335,712

Difficulty

10.146644

Transactions

10

Size

2.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a258a79

Nonce

14,115

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 10:41:34 AM

Confirmations

6,474,920

Merkle Root

c0b3ca4931f625da5d9a8f230599659641d8aebafcebca7a6484f802068837c0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.029 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80290338794260649873…44914550294904806399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.029 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80290338794260649873…44914550294904806399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.029 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
80290338794260649873…44914550294904806401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.605 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16058067758852129974…89829100589809612799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.605 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16058067758852129974…89829100589809612801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.211 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
32116135517704259949…79658201179619225599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.211 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
32116135517704259949…79658201179619225601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.423 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
64232271035408519899…59316402359238451199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.423 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
64232271035408519899…59316402359238451201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.284 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12846454207081703979…18632804718476902399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.284 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
12846454207081703979…18632804718476902401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,143 XPM·at block #6,810,631 · updates every 60s
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