Block #335,662

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 10:08:19 AM · Difficulty 10.1438 · 6,471,467 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2cb67a7daa7d38e422dc3fae076b9ad5b1dcc704bf6cb82dc1ca7e8c547a3800

Height

#335,662

Difficulty

10.143759

Transactions

17

Size

9.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a24cd65

Nonce

185,680

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 10:08:19 AM

Confirmations

6,471,467

Merkle Root

4a26e3acba67a1341cd70e0908ef1409f03791b8c77557ea68856db62c05ab07
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.695 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26951330021047442861…61048161751675759359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.695 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26951330021047442861…61048161751675759359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.695 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26951330021047442861…61048161751675759361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.390 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53902660042094885723…22096323503351518719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.390 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53902660042094885723…22096323503351518721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.078 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10780532008418977144…44192647006703037439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.078 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10780532008418977144…44192647006703037441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.156 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21561064016837954289…88385294013406074879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.156 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21561064016837954289…88385294013406074881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.312 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
43122128033675908578…76770588026812149759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.312 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
43122128033675908578…76770588026812149761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,701,136 XPM·at block #6,807,128 · updates every 60s
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