Block #335,302

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 3:11:09 AM · Difficulty 10.1530 · 6,489,348 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8d76ff13cb70cc7e5536b0660b86244fc2ab245102767132de54a380dc1a96f9

Height

#335,302

Difficulty

10.152973

Transactions

6

Size

2.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a272939

Nonce

43,554

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 3:11:09 AM

Confirmations

6,489,348

Merkle Root

555421c0a2a91de171f6df53f96bfbf803827445e96aa4fa640db3f169f2a1fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.630 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46303601304135945614…91908835813024255999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.630 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46303601304135945614…91908835813024255999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.630 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46303601304135945614…91908835813024256001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
92607202608271891229…83817671626048511999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
92607202608271891229…83817671626048512001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18521440521654378245…67635343252097023999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18521440521654378245…67635343252097024001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.704 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37042881043308756491…35270686504194047999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.704 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37042881043308756491…35270686504194048001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.408 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
74085762086617512983…70541373008388095999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.408 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
74085762086617512983…70541373008388096001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,841,265 XPM·at block #6,824,649 · updates every 60s
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