Block #335,298

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 3:08:44 AM · Difficulty 10.1532 · 6,459,157 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3f090029e267f773e114b74da65e9f5af1f1dc174ce0d79c3aace2332063180e

Height

#335,298

Difficulty

10.153152

Transactions

16

Size

3.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2734f4

Nonce

39,484

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 3:08:44 AM

Confirmations

6,459,157

Merkle Root

8ecb722e434adc82f9f23a84de821027db9bbf7fe6e96c74a6abc7df7a6dafbf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80413813615786831642…90629520486809299839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80413813615786831642…90629520486809299839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80413813615786831642…90629520486809299841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.608 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16082762723157366328…81259040973618599679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.608 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16082762723157366328…81259040973618599681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.216 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32165525446314732657…62518081947237199359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.216 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32165525446314732657…62518081947237199361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.433 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64331050892629465314…25036163894474398719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.433 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64331050892629465314…25036163894474398721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.286 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12866210178525893062…50072327788948797439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.286 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12866210178525893062…50072327788948797441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,599,680 XPM·at block #6,794,454 · updates every 60s
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