Block #3,352,898

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/13/2019, 6:57:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9961 · 3,473,861 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4e9287cdae1b594b9ab9558a5a682ab16703aa3044705b7a764e6c3a2acd227f

Height

#3,352,898

Difficulty

10.996088

Transactions

6

Size

2.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afeff9e

Nonce

274,913,692

Timestamp

9/13/2019, 6:57:51 AM

Confirmations

3,473,861

Merkle Root

4ac0554e3f22641ea5ed4dd4a733d60c91054e8f1e2255d7d4687ecd630b6987
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.967 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
59679920213159825235…67052046736186954879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.967 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
59679920213159825235…67052046736186954879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.967 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
59679920213159825235…67052046736186954881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.193 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11935984042631965047…34104093472373909759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.193 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11935984042631965047…34104093472373909761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.387 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23871968085263930094…68208186944747819519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.387 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23871968085263930094…68208186944747819521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.774 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47743936170527860188…36416373889495639039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.774 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47743936170527860188…36416373889495639041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.548 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95487872341055720376…72832747778991278079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.548 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95487872341055720376…72832747778991278081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.909 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19097574468211144075…45665495557982556159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,858,231 XPM·at block #6,826,758 · updates every 60s
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