Block #334,655

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/29/2013, 3:37:08 PM · Difficulty 10.1607 · 6,464,024 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c86de4613261b378bc0993c6d6c7d3b2a3068c72ab3d29ae9dbe6a6cc3a90388

Height

#334,655

Difficulty

10.160737

Transactions

22

Size

6.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a292613

Nonce

46,699

Timestamp

12/29/2013, 3:37:08 PM

Confirmations

6,464,024

Merkle Root

98592411ca46695b898e5ae437d6294d8d0984792f02064cbe26d8775bb93264
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.447 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
34479655162512100489…86300628776020848879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.447 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
34479655162512100489…86300628776020848879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.447 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
34479655162512100489…86300628776020848881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.895 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
68959310325024200979…72601257552041697759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.895 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
68959310325024200979…72601257552041697761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.379 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13791862065004840195…45202515104083395519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.379 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13791862065004840195…45202515104083395521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.758 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
27583724130009680391…90405030208166791039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.758 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
27583724130009680391…90405030208166791041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.516 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
55167448260019360783…80810060416333582079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.516 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
55167448260019360783…80810060416333582081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,633,459 XPM·at block #6,798,678 · updates every 60s
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