Block #333,470

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/28/2013, 7:44:10 PM · Difficulty 10.1614 · 6,491,093 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ba40e13a002e73d0f8d31ea196877a21d00bf0074846fddf709ec1251a90e134

Height

#333,470

Difficulty

10.161392

Transactions

14

Size

3.35 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2950fa

Nonce

61,715

Timestamp

12/28/2013, 7:44:10 PM

Confirmations

6,491,093

Merkle Root

cd0568f830c6bd28248e3d092699d5a8a096a03d7ebac6886c5745952df114a4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.552 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15529366911634971668…86431982813729600001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.552 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15529366911634971668…86431982813729600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.105 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31058733823269943336…72863965627459200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.211 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
62117467646539886672…45727931254918400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.242 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12423493529307977334…91455862509836800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.484 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24846987058615954669…82911725019673600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.969 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
49693974117231909338…65823450039347200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.938 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
99387948234463818676…31646900078694400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.987 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19877589646892763735…63293800157388800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.975 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
39755179293785527470…26587600314777600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
7.951 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
79510358587571054940…53175200629555200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,840,569 XPM·at block #6,824,562 · updates every 60s
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