Block #331,530

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.653 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)

16537583172397733464…70750202964415974401

Discovered Prime Numbers

p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

origin + 1

1.653 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)

16537583172397733464…70750202964415974401

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^1 × origin + 1

3.307 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)

33075166344795466928…41500405928831948801

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^2 × origin + 1

6.615 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)

66150332689590933856…83000811857663897601

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^3 × origin + 1

1.323 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)

13230066537918186771…66001623715327795201

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^4 × origin + 1

2.646 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)

26460133075836373542…32003247430655590401

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^5 × origin + 1

5.292 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)

52920266151672747085…64006494861311180801

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^6 × origin + 1

1.058 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)

10584053230334549417…28012989722622361601

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^7 × origin + 1

2.116 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)

21168106460669098834…56025979445244723201

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^8 × origin + 1

4.233 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)

42336212921338197668…12051958890489446401

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^9 × origin + 1

8.467 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)

84672425842676395336…24103917780978892801

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆

Rarity

UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Block #331,530

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