Block #330,636

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/26/2013, 7:46:32 PM · Difficulty 10.1674 · 6,496,009 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1bb4f09389ea34800c368a752119492344c4a9721e1b7aa24f518d626c7f6b00

Height

#330,636

Difficulty

10.167367

Transactions

11

Size

2.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2ad898

Nonce

64,334

Timestamp

12/26/2013, 7:46:32 PM

Confirmations

6,496,009

Merkle Root

e7c8d71d833c80ce599c68c53f1f1b3804315eefc9d3073c2f9e12dca1694fe9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.115 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11151679880829655566…11573446294120571999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.115 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11151679880829655566…11573446294120571999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.115 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11151679880829655566…11573446294120572001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.230 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22303359761659311133…23146892588241143999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.230 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22303359761659311133…23146892588241144001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.460 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44606719523318622266…46293785176482287999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.460 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44606719523318622266…46293785176482288001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.921 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89213439046637244532…92587570352964575999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.921 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89213439046637244532…92587570352964576001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.784 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17842687809327448906…85175140705929151999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.784 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17842687809327448906…85175140705929152001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,857,308 XPM·at block #6,826,644 · updates every 60s
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