Block #330,297

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/26/2013, 1:57:28 PM · Difficulty 10.1688 · 6,464,582 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0813832b50b68976f17004b073f96b8d4caffbfa9d9114cd2ca86037ab376647

Height

#330,297

Difficulty

10.168818

Transactions

13

Size

3.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2b37aa

Nonce

40,547

Timestamp

12/26/2013, 1:57:28 PM

Confirmations

6,464,582

Merkle Root

6f59e1a0a61d834ca31ac0f40d859db6dbc2a4906a54a9c51306ca5ca8ae1d77
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.455 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24554125204770464861…96295554294937010239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.455 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24554125204770464861…96295554294937010239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.455 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24554125204770464861…96295554294937010241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.910 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49108250409540929722…92591108589874020479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.910 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49108250409540929722…92591108589874020481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.821 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98216500819081859445…85182217179748040959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.821 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98216500819081859445…85182217179748040961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.964 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19643300163816371889…70364434359496081919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.964 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19643300163816371889…70364434359496081921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.928 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39286600327632743778…40728868718992163839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.928 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39286600327632743778…40728868718992163841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,066 XPM·at block #6,794,878 · updates every 60s
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