Block #328,834

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/25/2013, 1:36:25 PM · Difficulty 10.1682 · 6,475,420 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
2d82878f49774f4f278f35c36a79985cf4d040ab05932826e637be2d9914e8c1

Height

#328,834

Difficulty

10.168164

Transactions

14

Size

4.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2b0cc5

Nonce

2,809

Timestamp

12/25/2013, 1:36:25 PM

Confirmations

6,475,420

Merkle Root

fe70e5abb2e49a7766f0f7b5df83207490f2d7dcd1b4a9335cd25c42e1f85825
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.768 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
67682321992181429207…04470829965342686721
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.768 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
67682321992181429207…04470829965342686721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.353 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13536464398436285841…08941659930685373441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.707 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27072928796872571683…17883319861370746881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.414 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
54145857593745143366…35766639722741493761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.082 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10829171518749028673…71533279445482987521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.165 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21658343037498057346…43066558890965975041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.331 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43316686074996114693…86133117781931950081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.663 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
86633372149992229386…72266235563863900161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.732 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17326674429998445877…44532471127727800321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.465 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
34653348859996891754…89064942255455600641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,678,086 XPM·at block #6,804,253 · updates every 60s
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