Block #327,888

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 9:34:51 PM · Difficulty 10.1706 · 6,489,491 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
792e66fdcf50fa75b02a57a2ad9e97b0ebac56a30c2304c7010cada383ff9a74

Height

#327,888

Difficulty

10.170556

Transactions

17

Size

5.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2ba98d

Nonce

171,433

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 9:34:51 PM

Confirmations

6,489,491

Merkle Root

a24fe14bff13e4f680f9d39981773726db84c94b1886eeb69e3f80eca81f3c1a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17624469972466767583…16902196871405516799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17624469972466767583…16902196871405516799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17624469972466767583…16902196871405516801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.524 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35248939944933535167…33804393742811033599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.524 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35248939944933535167…33804393742811033601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.049 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
70497879889867070334…67608787485622067199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.049 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
70497879889867070334…67608787485622067201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.409 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14099575977973414066…35217574971244134399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.409 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14099575977973414066…35217574971244134401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.819 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28199151955946828133…70435149942488268799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.819 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28199151955946828133…70435149942488268801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,783,073 XPM·at block #6,817,378 · updates every 60s
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