Block #327,509

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/24/2013, 2:38:45 PM · Difficulty 10.1763 · 6,464,988 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fc97da17c304a49cfc3bdd081a7515e8a6bbe5ffa129637af093934e2721f04a

Height

#327,509

Difficulty

10.176332

Transactions

10

Size

13.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2d2412

Nonce

12,024

Timestamp

12/24/2013, 2:38:45 PM

Confirmations

6,464,988

Merkle Root

f5fdbc3895c8b446dbddbd69473be6b355c5702112b4bdcee37d0ff5b1153202
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.579 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15795103065125027356…94347564012263519999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.579 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15795103065125027356…94347564012263519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.579 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15795103065125027356…94347564012263520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.159 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31590206130250054713…88695128024527039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.159 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31590206130250054713…88695128024527040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.318 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63180412260500109427…77390256049054079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.318 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63180412260500109427…77390256049054080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.263 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12636082452100021885…54780512098108159999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.263 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12636082452100021885…54780512098108160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.527 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25272164904200043770…09561024196216319999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.527 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25272164904200043770…09561024196216320001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,583,939 XPM·at block #6,792,496 · updates every 60s
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